一、基本概念 Basic Concepts

  • 本次课程是 GitHub Actions 的继续课程，添加了对 CI/CD 线程的深入讲解。
    This session is a continuation of GitHub Actions, going deeper into CI/CD workflows.

  • 主要基于 Next.js 项目进行 Hands-on 实操。
    Mainly involves hands-on practice with a Next.js project.

  • 通过 GitHub Action 实现以下流程: build -> test -> publish.
    Workflow: build -> test -> publish using GitHub Actions.

二、GitHub Actions 框架说明 Structure of GitHub Actions

  • Workflow: 一个 workflow 和 repo 关联，可包含多个 jobs
    A workflow is tied to a repo and may include multiple jobs.

  • Job: 可应用于运行一些相关操作，可应用 runner 运行
    Jobs perform specific tasks and run on runners.

  • Runner: 提供培训环境，如 ubuntu-latest
    Provides the execution environment, e.g., ubuntu-latest.

  • Step: 一个 job 内的实际操作步骤
    Steps are the actual actions within a job.

  • uses: 使用预定义好的 action
    Calls pre-defined actions.

  • run: 运行 shell 指令
    Executes shell commands.

三、Workflow 触发条件 Trigger Events

  • push: 代码 push 时触发
    Triggered on code push.

  • pull_request: 创建 PR 时触发
    Triggered on PR creation.

  • workflow_dispatch: 手动触发
    Manually triggered.

  • schedule: 按 cron 表进行进度执行
    Runs on schedule (cron format).

  • 可对分支名进行 filter 或 ignore
    Can filter or ignore specific branches.

四、常用功能 Common Features

  • outputs: 在 jobs/steps 之间传递值
    Pass values between jobs/steps.

  • cache: 缓存 dependency 加快下一次 job
    Cache dependencies to speed up jobs.

  • artifacts: 上传输出文件
    Upload output files (e.g., for deployment).

五、Variables & Secrets

  • env: 普通变量，可定义在 workflow / job / step 级别
    Normal variables can be defined at workflow/job/step level.

  • secrets: 用于密码/网络证书等
    Used for passwords, API keys, etc.

  • GitHub Environment: 定义 dev / uat / prod 环境分别存储 secrets 值
    Define different environments (dev/uat/prod) to store secrets.

六、Condition 条件运行

  • 可以通过 if 条件条件控制 job/step 是否运行
    Use if to conditionally run jobs or steps.

  • 例如 only run deploy if tests succeed.
    Example: deploy only runs if tests pass.

七、Custom Action 定制主动 Action

  • 创建 .github/actions/<name>/action.yml 格式
    Define a custom action via .github/actions/<name>/action.yml.

  • 可采用 run/bash/scripts 等写法
    Can use run, bash scripts, etc.

  • 通过 uses: ./github/actions/<name> 引用
    Reference via uses: ./github/actions/<name>.

八、Hands-on 实操例子

  • 利用 checkout, setup-node, run, artifact, deploy to ECS 完成实战
    Practice using actions like checkout, setup-node, run, artifact, deploy to ECS.

  • 通过 Notion 项目列表和 fork 脚本项目进行操作
    Refer to the Notion page and fork starter repo to practice.

九、进阶指南 Advanced Topics

  • reusable workflows: 其他 workflow 可以 call 当前设计
    Reusable workflows can be called from other workflows.

  • expressions: 最好选择看 GitHub 官方表达式文档
    Use GitHub’s expression syntax for advanced conditionals.

  • event activity type: 举例 open/edit/merge/delete 等 PR 操作分类
    PR event activities like open/edit/merge/delete.

  • filters: 对 branch / path 进行 include/过滤
    Filters on branches and paths.